Improvement in methods of utilizing bisulphide of carbon as a motive pov



2 Sheets-Sheet; 1. R. OREUZBAUER. Method of Utilizing Bisul'phide ofCarbon as a Motive Power. No. 210,840. Patented Dec. 17, 1878.

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2 Sheets-Sheet 2. R. OREUZBAUEB. Method of Utilizing Bisulphide ofCarbon as a Motive Power.

Patented Dec. 17,1878.

I V em for 2 mm? \Ni Ynesses:

UNITED STATES T FIGE.

ROBERT GREUZBAUR, OF BROOKLYN, E. 1)., NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN METHODS OF UTILIZING BISULPHIDE OF CARBON AS A IVIOTIVEPOWER.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 210,8-{li}, datedDecember 17', 1878; application filed April 27, 1878.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT CR-EUZBAUR, of the city of Brooklyn, E. 1).,county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented a new Method ofUtilizing Bisulphide of Carbon as a Motive Power, of which the followingis a specification 1. Hitherto the attempts to obtain motive power fromthis source have been confined to a method similar to that applied forproducing steampower by means of a comlensing-engine, in which asuriacecondenser is used, to wit: The bisulphide of carbon wasevaporated in various ways, and the Vapor so obtained was caused topropel a piston in an engine in the manner usually applied insteam-engines. After having thus performed its work, the vapor wascondensed in a surface-condenser, and the resulting liquid-bisulphide ofcarbon-was then pumped back into the evaporating-vessel, to be againevaporated,and so on.

2. It is a well-established factthat the crap oration of bisulphide ofcarbon, as well as of all other liquids, requires afar greater amount ofheatthan the expansion of its vapor in producing an equal amount ofpower.

8. In my method of utilizing bisulphide of carbon and compounds thereofas a motive power, I confine myself, after the vapor of such carbon isonce produced at the commencement of work, to the expansion of andincrease of tension in such vapor by the addition of heat thereto, andto the contraction of and decrease of tension therein by the abstractionof heattherefrom.

4. To enable me to utilize this method of obtaining work from theexpansion and contraction of vapor of bisulphide of carbon and compoundsthereof, without condensing the same during the performance of workthereby, I employ a modification of the mechanism incorporated in theSterling high-pressure airengine, in which the air is alternately heatedand cooled in each of two separate chambers, or sets of chambers,connected, one to one end of a usual working cylinder in which a pistonrcciprocates, and the other to the opposite end thereof. Each of thesetwo chambers, or sets of chambers, consists of a comparatively cold endand a hot end, the air being changed from one end to the other by areciprocating plunger 0r displacer, one in each chamber, so that whilethe air is in the hot end in one chamber with elevated pressure, the airis in the cold end in the other chamber with decreased pressure, thepiston in the cylinder being propelled accordingly. To obtain anyconsiderable power it is necessary to use a condensingpump, by which theair is brought to, and maintained at, a high pressure, generally tenatmospheres at the cold end.

5. The leading differences in the method of producing power by theSterling high-pressure air-engine and in my method of producing power bythe expansion and contraction of the 'vapor of bisnlphide of carbon arethese: In

said air-engine the high tension of the air is produced by acompressing-pump. By my method the desired high tension in the vesselsis obtained, without a compressing-pump, by the evaporation through heatof a corresponding quantity of the liquid of bisulphide of carbon andcompounds thereof.

When air and other pure gases are applied as the medium for producingpower, it requires an increase in their temperature of about 490Fahrenheit to double their tension or volume, whereas, with the vapor ofbisulphide of carbon, aside of its lower capacity for heat, such anincrease in its temperature doubles its tension or volume several times.This quality of the vapor of bisulphide of carbon of requiring onl a comarativel low de ree of heat to in-' crease its tension does away withthe necessity of heating the vessels to an injurious degree. with air asthe medium for producing any considerable amount of power, the high heatto which the heating-vessels have to be subjected causes theirdestruction.- I

The comparatively large amount of heat which has to be imparted to andabstracted from the air in the Sterling air-motor, as compared to thesmall amount of heat required to be imparted to and abstracted from thevapor of bisulphide of carbon durin g each revolution of the engine,gives to the latter a correspondingly small furnace and a smallconsumption of fuel, with a proportionate small requirement ofheat'abstracting medium, resulting, together with the absence of the,compressingpump, in largely-reduced bulk, cost, and maintenance.

6. The mechanism which I employ for the utilization of bisulphide ofcarbon for motive power in the manner named is described as follows, andis illustrated in the accompanyin g drawings, of which- Figure l is ahorizontal section of thelefthalf of the machine along the line X X,Figs. 2 and 3, the right-hand portion being a plan or top view of thesame. Fig. 2 is a verticalfsection along the line Y Y, Figs. 1 and 3,and a view of parts to the right of line Y Y, Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is avertical section along the line Z Z, Figs. 1 and 2. Figs. 4 and 5represent details referred to in the following description.

A is a usual furnace for the combustion of coal, wood, oil, or any othersource of heat, a lamp serving the purpose for producing the heatrequired for small motors. B B are heatjug-chambers, in which theheating-vessels O O are placed, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Thecombustion-chamber A and heating-chambers B B may together form onechamber, particularlyso when a lamp only is used.

The portions of the mechanism to the right of the furnace A, Figs. 1 and2, being counterparts of those to the left of the furnace A, thefollowing description of one side of the two applies to both:

7 From the combustion-ohamberAthe heat passes from the top and rearthereof down a channel, a, Figs. 1 and 3, into the lowest portion ofheating-chamber B, from where it rises andpasses around outwardly, asindicated by the arrows, Fig. 1, being prevented from passing around theother way by the rib O,formed upon thevessel O. The unappropriated heatand fire products finally pass from the lowest portion of chamber B,Figs. 1 and 3, into channel b leading into the branch smoke-pipe bemptying into the main pipe N, as shown. Thus the hottest gases comefirst in contact with the part of the vessel 0 farthest removed from thecooling-vessel D. This may be accomplished in various ways. A spiralflange may be cast around vessel 0, serving the double purpose ofincreasing the "essels fire-surface and of preventing the gases fromascending directly, forcing them to follow the spirals around, theyfinally entering the smoke-pipe I) or b from the top of chamber B or theflanges may run around vessel 0 horizontally, having upward passages inthem on alternate sides. All such flanges or projections cast upon thevessel 0 serve, as does the rib G, for increasedfire-surface, as well asa means for controlling the course of the lire products. By thusbringing the hottest fire produetsin contact with the parts of vessel 0farthest removed from the cooling-vessel D, and by brin ging the coolestfire products in contact with the'parts of the vessel 0 nearest to thevessel D, the injurious tendencies of unequal expansion are neutralized,and the heat of the fire products is more fully utilized.

8. The combustion and heating chambers A B are surrounded withfire-brick 2 2, or other non-conducting material, in any usual manner,

.inclosed by the sheet-metal shell 3 3 and top plate A, upon which thevessels 0 D rest, as shown in Fig. 2. To facilitate-the starting of thefire in the furnace A, and to prevent the overheating of the vessels 0O, a direct passage, cfi, is provided from the top of the combustionchamber or furnace A into the smokepipe If, which passage e is usuallyclosed by a cover, a

9. The cooling-vessel D is bolted upon the vessel G, as shown in Fig. 2,their respective flanges d and a being tightly fitted to each other. Inlarge machines leakage between these flanges may be totally prevented byforming a groove, 5, between them, (shown in Fig. 2,) which is kept fullof glyeerine or'other suitable packing material, through a fillingtube.(Not shown.) A packing of asbestus or other suitable material may beplaced between these flanges 0 61 to cut off the transmission of heatfrom one to the other.

10. The vessel D may be cooled by a current of air when'the requiredpower is light; otherwise water -is used. To carry out theabove-mentioned method of keeping the extremes of temperatures farthestfrom each other, the hottest part of vessel D is kept nearest to theheating vessel 0. This is accomplished by forming a series of basinsaround vessel D, as d and (P, Fig. 2, in such manner that the waterfirst introduced into the uppermost basin, d, overflows, after taking upheat from that part of the vessel D, into the next chamber, d and so on,if there are any more such chambers. The result is a saving of water andthe nearest practicable approximation of the temperatures of theportions of vessels 0 and D nearest to each other. Furthermore, theformation of these chambers d d in one piece with vessel D increasesthis vessels water and cooling-surface accordingly. Thesecooling-vessels al d are supplied with a current of water from areservoir, 12, Fig. 1, in which a common submerged circulatingpump, 13,delivers water through pipe 14, Figs. 1 and 3, into the upper basin, d.From that basin d the water overflows into the next lower basin, 0?, andfrom this basin d? the water is returned, through pipe 15, into thereservoir 12, or is carried off without being reused. When the saving ofthe water is of importance, and to increase the cooling-surface of thereservoir 12, cooling-tubes 16 16, Fig. 1, are formed through the same,open at both ends, through which the air passes and abstracts heat fromthe water, these tubes being best placed vertically or obliquely. Thecirculation and the cooling of the water must be so regulated that thevessel D is not cooled sufflciently to cause condensation of the vaporwithin it.

11. The bisulphide of carbon is introduced into the chamber V, formed ofthe two vessels G D, in a liquid form, through the stuffing-box channel6, Fig. 4, referred to below, and closed by plug 6. When sufficient heatis applied to the vessel G, the vapor is formed, which produces thepower, by being alternately heated and cooled, as aforesaid, so as toproduce alternating comparatively high andlow tensions in said space V.l p

12. To accomplish this, the vapor is alternately driven from the hot endto the cold end in space V, and vice versa, by means of the plunger ordisplacer F, Figs. 1 and 2, which is reciprooated through rocking beamG, from one end of the chamber V to the other end. This displacer l maybe fitted accurately, so as to form its own guide, and so as to leave nodead space between it and the shell 0 D. But to attain cheapmanufacture, and to prevent friction between the displacer F and theshell G D, a slight space is left between them, the displacer 13 beingguided in the stuffing box by its rod f, and at the other end by aguiderod, This rod N is either fastened to the displacer F, so as toslide through the graphite-lined bearing 7 into the sleeve 8, as shownon the left side in Fig. 2, or the guiderod N is fastened in the bottomof the vessel C, so as to slide through the bearing 7, fastened in thelower end of displacer F, as shown on the right in Fig. 2. In eithercase there is an 7 opening, 9, in the lowest portion of vessel 0,

through which the contents of the chamber V may be drawn oti'.

13. To prevent leakage of the vapor through the stun ing-boxes, therespective rod, before it leaves the stuffing medium Z, Figs. 8 and 4,is made to pass through an annular chamber, M, filled with 'glycerine orother suitable material, which is forced against the rod by the pressurein the vessel to which the stuflin gbox is attached. \Vith a downwardstuflingbox, as that of the working-cylinder K, Fig. 3, it is onlynecessary to provide a well, M, which forms the annular chamber H, andin which the fluid packing material collects, its escape being preventedby the usual stuffing medium Z. iVhenthc stuffing-boxis upward, as inFig. 2, and as shown on a larger scale in Fig. 4, the stufting materialZ Z is separated by the annular piece 10, which is perforated andreduced in the center, so as to form such an annular chamber, M, next tothe rod f as shown in Figs. 2 and l, this chamber M being tilled withthe glycerine through a reservoir, m, as shown by the arrows. Thepressure within the vessel D is brought to act upon the fluid in thereservoir m and annular chamber M through the pipe or channel 6. Theliquid packing in reservoir m is replenished through the opening coveredby the plug m let. When the displacer F is being moved, the vapor whichit displaces passes through the portsf f nnd through the central part ofthe displacer, traversing the regencrator E. This rogencrator may belocated around the chamber V. In placing it into the central part of thedisplaeer F it is more effective and easier of construction. It may beformed of a series of thin metal plates, as is usuahor it may be formedof rods placed transversely above each other,so as to break joints, orotherwise. The hot vapors traversing the regener- -ator E, from thevessel 0 to the vessel D, :transmit most of their heat to the regenerator,

leaving but a fraction of their initial heat to be extracted by thecooling-chamber D. In passing the other way, from the cooling-chamber Ddownward, the vapor reabsorbs the heat left by it in the regenera-tor inits upward passage, so that only a comparatively small quantity of heathas-to be imparted ,to the vapor by the heating-vessel C to give to thevapor the density required.

15. K K is the working cylinder, in which the piston I is reciprocatedby. the difference of pressure in the two vapor-spaces V V, the

pressure in vapor-space V acting upon the top of the piston through pipeW, and that in vapor-space V upon the under side of the piston throughpipe WV, or vice versa. To lubricate the piston, as well as to preventthe escape of vapor from one side of the piston to the other, whichmight result in average unequal pressures on its opposite sides, anannular space, S, is formed in the piston, which is filled withglycerine or other suitable material through the channel S, closed bycap S This packng and lubricating material is confined by packing-tin gsz 1', which prevent its ready escape out of the piston-chamber S. Theleakage downward collects in the well M, where it prevents the escape ofvapor through the stutling-box. Thesurpluslcakageoverfiowing the well Mis drawn ott' bya channel. (Not shown.) To serve as lubricating materialonly, graphite and similar substances may be used in said piston-chamber S and otherwise. \Vhen such inequality of the average pressurein spaces V V has taken place, it is equalized by opening the two-waycock 7, Fig. 2, which controls the small channel 25), connecting the twocylindenport channels fed by pipes W WV. This is done after the machinehas stood a little while wit-h the piston l at half-stroke, and thedisplacers F F also exactly at halfstroke; or, if a due overpressure isdesired on one side of the piston-for instance, to balance the weight ofthe piston and other vertically moving unbalanced parts-an extraquantity of liquid of bisulphide of carbon-is introduced, as named, intothe side where the overpressure is to exist.

16. Tobe able to heat the cylinder K at the commencement of work, sothat the vapor entering it may not be condensed, and so as to evaporatethe bisulphide of carbon condensed in it after the machine ceases towork, a smoke-jacket, n, is provided, through which, by more or lessclosing the damper I), the fire products are made to traverse, passingthrough pipe to into jacket a, and returning through pipe a into thesmoke-pipe I), or passing out independently of pipe b. After thecylinder has been heated sutficiently to prevent the corn densation ofthe vapor in it the passage of the fire products through jacket to isstopped, as no increase of power would be attained by heating thecylinder to a higher temperature, and because a low temperature is bestforfthe Working parts.

17. Motion is given to the crankshaft H and fiy-wheel 17 in the usualway through pistonrod 18 and a connecting-rod, 19. Motion is given tothe rock-shaft g either through an eccentric upon the crank-shaft or bya crankpin, It, or other equivalent, the motion being transmitted to therock-shaft g through connecting-rod r and arm 9 The crank-pin R, in itspath of rotation, leads the main crankpin W, as dotted in Fig. 2. Thislead is nec essary, because, for instance, when the piston is placedmidway of its stroke, and the displacers are simultaneously midway oftheir stroke, the pressures upon both sides of the piston would beequal; butwhen in that position of the piston the displacers F F havepassed their midway position, the vapor, in one space, V, is mostly inthe heating-vessel U with increased pressure, while the vapor in theother space, V, is mostly in the coolingvessel D with decreasedpressure, or vice versa,

the piston being acted upon accordingly.

When the machine is designed to run in one direction only such crank-pinIt is permanently fastened in this case upon the flywheel 17. When themachine is to run both ways the followin g arrangement is used 18. Thecrank-pinR, Figs. 3 and 5, is fastencd upon the wheel 20, turningloosely upon the crank-shaft end k and carried by the flywheelprojection 21. This projection bears upon the bolt 22, sliding radiallythrough the rim of the wheel 20, and kept in position by spring 23. Thedriving projection 21 is twice the length of the intended lead ofdisplacers F F, measured by the angle of the corresponding lead of theirdriving crank-pin B. To reverse the motion of the machine the latch orbolt 22 is forced back against the spring 23, so as to allow the wheel20 to be moved backward from its preceding course, so that the bolt willspring in at the other end of its driving projection 21. For the purposeof start; in g theengine it is of advantage to be able to move the latch22, with its wheel20, ahead of its driving projection 21, so as toobtain, through the momentary greater lead of the displacers F F, anexcess of power. 'The contrary result, however, is obtained when this isdone just before the piston I has passed one of its dead points. As aconvenient method of retaining the wheel 20 endwise, the projection 21on the iiy-wheel is duplicated on the opposite side, and the rim of thewheel 20 is shaped to enter behind these projections, as shown in Figs.3 and 5.

19. The connection of the rod 7" to arm may be made movable radially toshaft g, for the purpose of regulating and changing the stroke of thedisplacers F F, the power being reduced in proportion as the displacersdisplace the vapor (more or less) partially from the ends ofvapor-spaces V V. The speed of the machine may be thus governed; but Iprefer to regulate it thus: Upon one or both'of the pipes W W,connecting the vapor-spaces V V with the interior of the workingcylinder K, a throttle, P, is placed, Fig. 1, of any usual construction,its stufling-box being turned downward, and provided with a fluidpackingwell, M, as represented in the cylinder stuffingbox, Fig. 3. By thusthrottling the passage of the vapor into and from the cylinder K thespeed of the engine may be controlled, and its motion may be entirelystopped. Manufacturing motogs would have this throttle P controlled bythe governor driven from shaft 25.

20. Another means for controlling the speed of the machine consists inthe usual mode of controlling the intensity of the furnace-heat by adamper controlling the quantity of air,

feeding the fire. In place of such a damper, or in addition thereto,gridiron air-passages 23 into the smoke-pipe b are applied, asrepresented in Fig. 3, its revolving cover 24 being adjusted by hand, orthrough a governor or pressure-gage. When necessary, a blower is appliedabove the register-valve 23, a screwfan, placed directly into thesmoke-pipe, being generally preferred, to which motion is imparted bythe shaft 25, driven through a band passing over the fly-wheel 17 andthe pulley 26.

21. The momentum of the displacers F F, in their downward movement, isstored in the springs L L, which return it to the displacers by startingand aiding them in their upward movement. The resistance of the springsL L is regulated by the movable nuts l upon rods 1 these rods Z beingpivoted to the central rocking beam 27, keyed upon rock-shaft 9'. Bymeans of rods 28 28 this rocking beam 27 also drives the pumps 13 13,which circulate the water through the cooling-vessels d 0?, as abovenamed. The springs L L may be applied to these pump-driving rods 28 28instead of using extra rods Z 1 22. Although bisulphide of carbon seemsto be the best material for the within-stated purpose, there are othersubstances known to temperature during each revolution of the engine;also, carbonic acid may be employed, either in a liquefied form or bybeing generated in the usual manner, by placing marbledust in chamber m,and bringing a proper acid in contact with it, the acid being introduced through a suitable cup, the same as oil is introduced into asteam=chest under pressure; also, alcohol, ether, and other substancesmaybe substituted, the suitableness of any such substances dependingupon their greater or less specitic heat, boiling-point, opacity toradiating heat, degree of expansion within certain limits oftemperature, effect upon the material of the mechanism, inflaminability,poisonous qualities when inhaled, and cost.

The furnace and the heatingvessels may be placed above thecooling-vessels, or they may be placed side and side. Motion may begiven to the displacers F F from below and by various devices. Thedisplacers may rotate continuously in one direction, serving as aiiy-wheel, with correspondingly-formed vapor spaces V V. The heating andcooling vessels may be formed in nests and multiplied according to theamount of power required.

In small motors the furnace A may be omitted, and a lamp placed directlyunder the heaters O O. The two cooling-vessels D 1) may be cast in onepiece, with the water-basins (Z (Z respectively connected, and variousother modifications in the arrangement can be made.

I do not, therefore, confine myself to the particular arrangement of themechanism shown and described but I claim as my invention 1. Theherein-described method of utilizing the expansion and contraction ofthe vapor of bisulphide of carbon and of compounds thereof as a motivepower-to wit, by adding heat to and extracting heat from such vapor ateach revolution of the engine, substantially as described.

2. The hereinwlescribed methodof utilizing; bisulphide of carbon andcompounds thereof as a motive power-to wit, by alternately in creasingand decreasing the tension of the vapor thereof by the addition of heatthereto and the abstraction of heat therefrom without condensing thesaid power-producing vapor to a liquid during the operation of themotor.

3. The furnace A, heating-chambers B B, vapor-chambers V V, displacers FF, in combination with a working cylinder, K, the whole connected andoperating substantially as described, with an initial pressure inchambers V V of over fifteen pounds per inch,- produced without acompressingpump.

4. The furnace A, heating-chambers B B, vapor-chambers V V, displacers FF, in combination with regenerators E E and a working cylinder, K, thewhole connected and operating substantially as described, with aninitial pressure in chambers V V of over fifteen pounds per inch,produced without a compressing-pump.

5. The method herein described of producin g motive power by theexpansion and contraction, during each revolution of the engine, ofvapors and gases produced within the mechanism employed from liquids andnongaseous ingredients.

6. The combination, with a cooling-vessel, D, forming part of avapor-chamber, V, of water-basins (Z (2 formed in one piece with saidcooling-vessel D, as described.

7. The combination, with a cooling-vessel, D, and a heating-vessel, (J,forming a vaporspace, V, of fire-gas directing flanges C, cast upon suchvessel 0, and forming part of its heating-surface, substantially asdescribed.

8. The combination, with vapor-spaces V V, of springs L L, which storethe momentum of the continuously-moving displacers F F and of rocking-beam G, with other reciprocatin g attachments, substantially asdescribed.

9. The combination, with a vapor-space, V, and a working cylinder, K, ofthe stuffing-box fluid-packin g chamber M, connected with the interiorof the vessel to which the stuffingbox is attached, so as to submitchamber M to the pressure existing in such vessel, in order to preventleakage into chamber M, substantially as described.

10. The combination, with a vapor-space, V, and a displacer, F, with afree space between the displacer F and the walls of said space V,

of a guide-rod, N.

11. The combination, with vapor-spaces V V, displacers FF, guide-rods NN, and working cylinder K, of the regenerators E- E,when incorporated insaid displacers F F, substantially as described.

12. The combination, with a motor in which power is produced by {vaporsor gases produced within the mechanism, which are alternatel ycontracted and expanded during each revolution of the engine, of avelocity-controlling valve, P, through which, when open, the gases passalternately both ways during each revolution of the engine.

13. The combination, with the vapor-spaces V V, displacers F F,regenerators E E, and workin g cylinder K, of rock-shaft g drivingpin Rupon loose wheel 20, bolt 22, and flywheel lug 21, for reversing theengine.

14. The combination, with vapor-spaces V V, displacers F F, and workingcylinder K, of the piston I, constructed with a packing and lubricatingchamber, S, between the packing-rings i z.

15. The combination, with the vaponspaces V V, displacers F F, andworking cylinder K, of the annular static fluidpaeking chamber 5 betweenvessels 0 D.

16. The combination, with vapor-spaces V V and displacers F F, ofsmokejacket to, around the working cylinder K, with independentsmoke-passages a a and damper 1).

1'7. The combination, with vapor-spaces V V, displaeers F F, andworking-cylinder K, of the cock 7 and equalizing-channel 29, connectingthe two vapor-channels leading to op posite ends of the cylinder K.

18. The combination, with vapor-spaces V V, displacers F F, and workingcylinder K, of the water-cistern 12, provided with coolingtubes 16 1G,for the purpose named.

ROBERT OREUZBAUR.

Witnesses:

Jenn Tnnnn,

GEO. XV. VVroKs.

